Introduction
Hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common viral illness that typically affects children under the age of 5. However, it can also affect adults. The disease is caused by various Enteroviruses, which spread through close contact with an infected person’s bodily fluids such as saliva, mucus, and stool. In this article, we will explore how to treat hand foot and mouth disease effectively.
Home Remedies for Treating Hand Foot and Mouth Disease
The symptoms of hand foot and mouth disease can be uncomfortable, but there are various home remedies to ease them. The following are some of the most effective home remedies:
Cold Compresses
Cold compresses can help reduce pain and itching in the affected areas. You can use cold compresses made from soft cloth or towels soaked in cold water. Apply the compress to the affected areas for several minutes at a time, and repeat as often as necessary.
Over-the-Counter (OTC) Pain Relievers
OTC pain relievers such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen can help reduce fever, pain, and inflammation. However, before administering any medication to children, it is essential to consult with a pediatrician first.
Drinking Plenty of Fluids
Drinking lots of fluids, especially water, can help prevent dehydration, which is a common complication of HFMD. Ensure that the fluids are non-acidic and non-spicy to avoid irritation caused by the sores in the mouth.
Using Mouth Numbing Sprays and Gels
Patients with HFMD can use over-the-counter numbing gels and sprays to alleviate pain and help lessen discomfort while eating or drinking. These products contain topical anesthetics, which are safe to use and provide short-term pain relief.
Applying Honey to the Sores
Honey has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties that can help soothe the skin and reduce the risk of infection. Applying honey directly to the sores may help reduce pain and inflammation as well as promote faster healing.
Swishing Salt Water Around the Mouth
Swishing a solution of warm water and salt around the mouth can help reduce inflammation and promote healing. Salt water can also help kill bacteria in the mouth that can cause further irritation or infection.
Long-Term Effects of Hand Foot and Mouth Disease
Most people with HFMD recover within a week or two without any significant complications. However, since the disease is relatively new, scientific evidence regarding any long-term effects is scanty. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), some severe cases of HFMD can lead to rare neurological complications, which can result in paralysis, meningitis, or encephalitis. Such complications are uncommon but can be severe if they occur.
How to Prevent Hand Foot and Mouth Disease
The following are some of the ways to prevent HFMD:
Washing Hands Frequently
Effective handwashing will help keep the virus at bay. Wash your hands with soap and water frequently throughout the day, especially after touching contaminated surfaces or items, after diaper changing, and after being around someone who is sick.
Cleaning and Disinfecting Frequently Touched Objects and Surfaces
Cleaning and disinfecting frequently touched objects and surfaces such as toys, doorknobs, and tabletops can help prevent the spread of the virus. Use soap and water to clean surfaces, and then follow up by disinfecting them with household cleaners or disinfectants such as bleach or alcohol-based cleaners.
Avoiding Close Contact with Sick People
Since HFMD is contagious, it is essential to avoid close contact with anyone who is symptomatic of the virus. This includes not sharing utensils or cups, avoiding kissing or hugging, and staying away from group settings where there may be infected individuals.
Encouraging Good Hygiene Habits in Children
Most HFMD cases occur in children under the age of 5, who are still developing good hygiene habits. To prevent the spread of the virus in schools and daycare centers, ensure that young children know how to wash their hands properly and that they refrain from sharing toys and other items with their peers.
Hand Foot and Mouth Disease in Children
HFMD is prevalent among young children, who may not understand how to protect themselves from the virus. The following are some of the strategies parents can use to help alleviate symptoms and prevent the spread of the virus:
Symptoms to Look Out for in Children
Some of the symptoms of HFMD in children include fever, sore throat, and feeling unwell. Additionally, red colored spots or canker sores that develop in the mouth appear as blisters on the hands and feet and spread throughout the body.
Strategies to Treat the Disease in Young Children
In addition to using home remedies such as cold compresses and pain relievers, it is essential to encourage young children to rest and avoid overexertion. Encourage them to drink fluids frequently, eat cooling foods, and to continue practicing good hygiene habits.
Preventative Measures for Children, Including Good Hygiene Habits
Teach young children how to practice effective handwashing techniques, such as lathering with soap and warm water for at least 20 seconds. Encourage them not to share utensils, cups, or toys with other children. Additionally, ensure that they avoid close contact with sick individuals.
Treatment Options for Severe Hand Foot and Mouth Disease
If the symptoms of HFMD persist beyond one week, and the patient experiences severe symptoms such as high fever, dehydration, or difficulty breathing, it may be necessary to seek medical attention. In severe cases, the following treatment options are available:
Recognizing When to Seek Medical Attention
If the patient experiences difficulty breathing, severe dehydration, or a stiff neck, it is essential to seek medical attention immediately. These symptoms may indicate severe complications of HFMD.
Prescription Medications, Such as Antivirals
If symptoms are severe, prescription medication may be necessary. Antiviral medications can be used to treat severe cases of HFMD. However, these medications should only be administered under a doctor’s supervision and prescription.
In Severe Cases, Hospitalization May be Necessary
In rare cases, hospitalization may be necessary for patients with severe complications of HFMD. This typically involves monitoring oxygen levels, administering fluids intravenously, and treating any secondary infections that may arise.
Coping with Hand Foot and Mouth Disease
If you or someone you know has HFMD, the following self-care tips can help manage symptoms:
Staying Hydrated
Drink plenty of fluids, especially water, to prevent dehydration caused by the disease symptoms. Also, avoid spicy and acidic food that can irritate mouth ulcers.
Getting Enough Rest
As with any flu or viral infection, it is essential to rest, especially as the body fights off the virus, to help accelerate the recovery process. Make sure you are well-rested and are getting adequate sleep, particularly when you need it the most.
Seeking Emotional Support When Needed
Since HFMD can be emotionally and physically draining, it is crucial to seek emotional support from friends or family members or a mental health professional, particularly for those who may have severe complications due to the illness.
Conclusion
HFMD is a viral infection that is commonly experienced in young children and, in rare cases, adults. While the symptoms can be uncomfortable, most people recover within a week or two without significant complications. Home remedies such as adequate hydration, cold compresses, and rest can alleviate HFMD symptoms. However, in severe cases, prescription medication and hospitalization may be necessary. Practicing good hygiene habits can go a long way in preventing the spread of the virus. In conclusion, act fast by seeking medical attention when necessary and encourage good hygiene habits to prevent the recurrence of HFMD.
